Description
Data Records
The data in this occurrence resource has been published as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A), which is a standardized format for sharing biodiversity data as a set of one or more data tables. The core data table contains 20,533 records.
1 extension data tables also exist. An extension record supplies extra information about a core record. The number of records in each extension data table is illustrated below.
This IPT archives the data and thus serves as the data repository. The data and resource metadata are available for download in the downloads section. The versions table lists other versions of the resource that have been made publicly available and allows tracking changes made to the resource over time.
Versions
The table below shows only published versions of the resource that are publicly accessible.
Rights
Researchers should respect the following rights statement:
The publisher and rights holder of this work is Ceta explorers Co., Ltd. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY 4.0) License.
GBIF Registration
This resource has been registered with GBIF, and assigned the following GBIF UUID: 3b82fc70-e5a5-4af3-a4d6-ec14b215aef8. Ceta explorers Co., Ltd publishes this resource, and is itself registered in GBIF as a data publisher endorsed by Taiwan Biodiversity Information Facility.
Keywords
occurrence; Mianhua and Huaping Islets Wildlife Refuge
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Geographic Coverage
The territory includes Mianhua Islet, Huaping Islet, Pengjia Islet, and the surrounding water body.
| Bounding Coordinates | South West [25.156, 121.772], North East [25.649, 122.294] |
|---|
Taxonomic Coverage
The checklist of this dataset includes nine taxonomic groups: avians, cetaceans, benthic invertebrates, fish, plants, insects, spiders, algae, and reptiles. Following is the taxa for the kingdom Plantae:
| Kingdom | Plantae (Plants) |
|---|---|
| Phylum | Chlorophyta (Green Algae), Rhodophyta (Red Algae), Tracheophyta (Vascular Plants) |
Following is the taxa for invertebrate animals:
| Kingdom | Animalia (Animals) |
|---|---|
| Phylum | Annelida, Mollusca, Cnidaria, Echinodermata, Arthropoda |
| Class | Insecta (Insects), Arachnida (Spiders) |
Following is the taxa for vertebrate animals:
| Kingdom | Animalia (Animals) |
|---|---|
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Subphylum | Vertebrata (Vertebrates) |
| Class | Chondrichthyes (Sharks and Rays, or Fish), Osteichthyes (Fish), Reptilia (Reptiles), Aves (Birds), Mammalia (Mammals) |
| Infraorder | Cetacea (Whales and Dolphins) |
Temporal Coverage
| Formation Period | 1994-2025 |
|---|
Sampling Methods
Sampling methods varied among taxonomic groups, which were classified into nine categories: avians, cetaceans, benthic invertebrates, fish, plants, insects, spiders, algae, and reptiles.
| Study Extent | The sampling sites for the study covered the route between Bachimen Fishing Harbor, the "Mianhua and Huaping Islets Wildlife Refuge" and the surrounding water. This study, which spanned from 1994 to 2025, included surveys of algae, avians, benthic invertebrates, fish, plants, reptiles, insects, spiders, and cetaceans (since 2019). However, the study was not conducted every year. It took place in 1994, 2002-2003, 2005, and 2008-2025. The dataset was compiled from reports produced by various groups, including the National Taiwan Ocean University, Taiwanese Coral Reef Society, Taiwan Leisure Fishery Development Association, Wild Bird Society of Keelung, and Ceta Explorers Co., Ltd. There was an additional terrestrial bird survey at Pengjia Islet, which was conducted by the Wild Bird Society of Keelung. |
|---|---|
| Quality Control | For records from 1994 to 2020, data were compiled from published reports for which raw data were unavailable; quality control therefore relied on the procedures applied by the original survey teams. Since 2021, quality control has been conducted by the present project team, Ceta explorers Co., Ltd., following a standardized operating procedure (SOP), including: A) Before the surveys: Confirm that the surveyors are experienced in species identification. B) During the surveys: Except for machine observation, ensure there are no duplicate sightings at the individual level. C) After the surveys: 1. Check that the GPS coordinate records correspond to the correct zone. 2. Except for machine observation, verify that there are no duplicate sightings at the individual level. 3. The biological classification and spelling of the scientific names were validated by NomenMatch, which is a scientific-name checking tool developed by the Taiwan Biodiversity Information Facility (TaiBIF). 4. Before the data set publication, the data format and structure were corrected by the GBIF data validator, which was developed by the GBIF Secretariat. |
Method step description:
- The Avian Survey: The avian survey was based on visual observations conducted on land at Mianhua or Pengjia Islets and at the surrounding waters of Mianhua, Huaping, and Pengjia Islets. Sightings were also recorded along the patrol routes, including the round-trip route between Bachimen Fishing Harbor and Mianhua and Huaping Islets. The surveys were conducted in 1994, 2002–2003, 2005, 2008–2025. In addition, trail cameras were deployed on Mianhua Islet from 2022 for additional data collection.
- The Cetacean Survey: Since 2019, cetacean sightings have been recorded along the patrol routes, including the round-trip route between Bachimen Fishing Harbor and Mianhua and Huaping Islets.
- The Fish Survey: Fish surveys used the strip-transect method by Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus (SCUBA) Diving (30 m × 5 m) in 2011. In 2020-2025, the surveys used the Underwater Visual Census (UVC), the roving diver method, Baited Remote Underwater Video (BRUV), Diver-Operated Video (DOV), and occasional sightings during the patrol.
- The Benthic Invertebrates Survey at Mianhua Islet: The methods for benthic invertebrates included snorkeling, SCUBA diving, and intertidal qualitative surveys. The surveys were conducted in 2014, 2017–2018, 2020, and 2022–2025.
- The Plant Survey at Mianhua Islet: The surveys were conducted in 1994, 1997, 2005, and 2008–2023. Surveys were conducted using grid sampling or the line transect method from 2008 and from 2011 to 2023. The grid sampling consisted of twelve 5x5 meter sample plots distributed across Mianhua Islets. The survey methods in other years were either undocumented or varied. During these surveys, species identification and coverage were recorded.
- The Insect Survey at Mianhua Islet: The insect surveys were conducted by line transect, sweep netting, trapping, baiting, aerial netting, beat sheet sampling, sieving, aquatic netting, hand searching, visual searches, and host plant identification. The surveys were conducted in 1994 and 2008–2025.
- The Algae Survey at Mianhua Islet: Algae were surveyed by snorkeling or by an intertidal qualitative survey. Algae were not a primary target of the project.
- The Reptile Survey at Mianhua Islet: The reptile survey on Mianhua Islet was conducted through a line transect survey or opportunistic sightings. Reptiles were not a primary target of the project. The occurrence records were in 2008-2017, and 2020-2025.
- The Spider Survey at Mianhua Islet: In 2008, the spider survey on Mianhua Islet was conducted through opportunistic sightings.
Bibliographic Citations
- 沈振中 (1995)。北方三島之海陸域鳥類資源初勘。中華飛羽，8(3)，25-31 https://share.google/ADhNYHxnJtyueQGdn
- 戴昌鳳, 王震哲, 徐堉峰, 何恭算, 王士偉, 張睿昇, 陳志炘, & 黃興倬. (2008). 北方三島自然資源調查計畫成果報告書 [海洋國家公園管理處委託辦理計畫報告]. 海洋國家公園管理處
- 莊慶達、詹滿色 (2009)。北方三島海洋國家公園設置對於社會、經濟等層面影響及因應計畫 [海洋國家公園管理處委託辦理計畫報告]。海洋國家公園管理處
- 沈振中, 劉良力, & 沈錦豐. (2010). 北方三島鳥類生態調查成果報告書 [海洋國家公園管理處委託辦理計畫報告]. 海洋國家公園管理處
- 陳義雄, 邵廣昭, 李明安, & 陳天任. (2011). 北方三島海域生物多樣性與資源特性調查計畫成果報告書 [海洋國家公園管理處委託辦理計畫報告]. 海洋國家公園管理處
- 楊月姿, 劉良力, & 沈錦豐. (2011). 100 年基隆市棉花嶼、花瓶嶼野生動物保護區生態調查委託案成果報告書 [基隆市政府委託辦理計畫報告]. 基隆市政府
- 社團法人基隆市野鳥學會. (2012). 101 年棉花嶼、花瓶嶼野生動物保護區陸域生態調查委託案成果報告書 [基隆市政府委託辦理計畫報告]. 基隆市政府
- 社團法人基隆市野鳥學會. (2013). 102 年棉花嶼、花瓶嶼野生動物保護區陸域生態調查委託案成果報告書 [基隆市政府委託辦理計畫報告]. 基隆市政府
- 社團法人基隆市野鳥學會. (2014). 103年棉花嶼、花瓶嶼野生動物保護區陸域生態調查委託案成果報告書 [基隆市政府委託辦理計畫報告]. 基隆市政府
- 沈振中, 沈錦豐, & 李佳陵. (2015). 104 年棉花嶼、花瓶嶼野生動物保護區陸域生態調查委託案成果報告書 [基隆市動物保護防疫所委託辦理計畫報告]. 基隆市動物保護防疫所
- 11. 陳淯茜. (2015). 北方三島蟹類初探 [電子報]. 台灣生態學會 https://enews.url.com.tw/ecology/81532
- 沈振中, 沈錦豐, & 李佳陵. (2016). 105 年棉花嶼、花瓶嶼野生動物保護區陸域生態調查委託案成果報告書 [基隆市動物保護防疫所委託辦理計畫報告]. 基隆市動物保護防疫所
- 沈振中, 沈錦豐, & 李佳陵. (2017). 106 年棉花嶼、花瓶嶼野生動物保護區生態調查委託案成果報告書 [基隆市動物保護防疫所委託辦理計畫報告]. 基隆市動物保護防疫所
- 沈錦豐. (2018). 107 年棉花嶼、花瓶嶼野生動物保護區生態調查計畫成果報告書 [基隆市動物保護防疫所委託辦理計畫報告]. 基隆市動物保護防疫所
- 左承偉. (2019). 108 年度棉花嶼、花瓶嶼野生動物保護區巡護暨動植物生態調查委託成果報告書 [基隆市動物保護防疫所委託辦理計畫報告]. 基隆市動物保護防疫所
- 沈振中, 沈錦豐, & 鄭暐. (2020). 109 年棉花嶼、花瓶嶼野生動物保護區巡護暨動植物生態調查委託案期末報告 [基隆市動物保護防疫所委託辦理計畫報告]. 基隆市動物保護防疫所
- 黃彥婷, & 洪崇航. (2021). 110年度棉花嶼、花瓶嶼野生動物保護區巡護暨動植物生態調查委託案成果報告書 [基隆市動物保護防疫所委託辦理計畫報告]. 基隆市動物保護防疫所
- 黃彥婷, & 洪崇航. (2022). 111 年度棉花嶼、花瓶嶼野生動物保護區巡護暨動植物生態調查委託案成果報告書 [基隆市動物保護防疫所委託辦理計畫報告]. 基隆市動物保護防疫所
- 黃彥婷, & 洪崇航. (2023). 112年度棉花嶼、花瓶嶼野生動物保護區巡護暨生態調查委託案成果報告書 [基隆市動物保護防疫所委託辦理計畫報告]. 基隆市動物保護防疫所
- 黃彥婷, & 洪崇航. (2024). 113年度棉花嶼、花瓶嶼野生動物保護區巡護暨生態調查委託案成果報告書 [基隆市動物保護防疫所委託辦理計畫報告]. 基隆市動物保護防疫所
- 黃彥婷, & 洪崇航. (2025). 114年度棉花嶼、花瓶嶼野生動物保護區巡護暨生態調查委託案成果報告書 [基隆市動物保護防疫所委託辦理計畫報告]. 基隆市動物保護防疫所
Additional Metadata
This dataset in GBIF and the dataset in Taiwan Biodiversity Network (TBN) came from the same survey but with different temporal coverage and different species counts. The DatasetUUID in TBN is "07f25813-00f8-4d3d-afc2-ab06d6b385a5" and the URL in TBN is "https://www.tbn.org.tw/dataset/07f25813-00f8-4d3d-afc2-ab06d6b385a5?row=0&rowsperpage=25&ft=datasetid%3A73835128&view=spatial#metrix-switcher".
| Alternative Identifiers | 3b82fc70-e5a5-4af3-a4d6-ec14b215aef8 |
|---|---|
| https://ipt.taibif.tw/resource?r=cetaexplorers_mianhua_huaping_islets |